HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections. Although a lot of infections stay silent, many lead to genital warts or — more importantly — increase the risk of cancers of the cervix, anus, penis, vulva/vagina, and the mouth/throat. The good news: vaccination is highly effective against cancer-causing types, and there are clear steps to protect yourself whether you’re vaccinated already, or wondering if it still helps after you’ve been sexually active.
HPV (human papillomavirus) is a family of viruses spread through skin-to-skin contact. Many infections are silent; persistent infection with “high-risk” types can lead to precancerous changes and, over time, cancer (especially types 16 and 18). HPV can also cause visible genital warts (usually types 6 and 11).
HPV transmits through oral, vaginal, and anal sex, and intimate skin contact. Barrier protection reduces risk but isn’t complete protection; vaccination + screening are your best long-term safeguards.
Most people never notice symptoms. When present, HPV may cause genital warts (soft, fleshy bumps), abnormal cervical screening results, or symptoms requiring specialist assessment (e.g., persistent throat changes). If you notice warts or any unexplained genital/anal lesions, book an assessment.
The NHS uses Gardasil 9. It primes your immune system to prevent future infection from nine HPV types (including the main cancer-causing strains). Protection is strongest when given before exposure, but adults can still benefit. Side effects are usually mild (sore arm, fatigue), and serious reactions are extremely rare.
Vaccinating before sexual debut gives the best results and yields a strong immune response — that’s why the UK schedules it at 12–13 with single-dose coverage for most under-25s.
You still have reasons to consider it:
There is no “HPV PEP” shot that erases a fresh exposure. Vaccination is for prevention; stick with screening and follow-up.
Typical reactions include a sore arm, mild fever, fatigue, or headache. Severe reactions are very rare.
To some extent. It can prevent new infections and along with other treatments, may help treat persistent or recurrent warts.
Yes. Even if you’ve been sexually active, you may not have been exposed to all HPV types the vaccine covers. Vaccination can still provide meaningful protection against new infections, especially if you might have new partners in the future.
Yes. Adults who are not eligible for NHS vaccination can receive Gardasil 9 privately. Dr Kravvas offers private HPV vaccination in Harley Street, with individual assessment and guidance on timing, dosage, and suitability.
Yes. Smoking increases the risk of persistent HPV infection and progression to cancer. Quitting smoking is one of the best things you can do to support your immune system and reduce long-term risk.
There is currently no standard screening test for HPV in men. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment and, if needed, biopsy or swab testing of visible lesions. Regular self-checking and prompt assessment of any genital or anal changes are advised.
Most infections clear naturally within 1–2 years as the immune system controls the virus. Persistent infection with high-risk types, however, can lead to precancerous or cancerous changes, so regular screening is essential.
If you’re concerned about genital warts, persistent symptoms, or you’d like guidance on HPV vaccination options, book a consultation with Dr. Kravvas on Harley Street. We’ll assess, treat where appropriate, and help you plan vaccination and follow-up in line with UK guidance. (This article is general information, not personal medical advice.)